{"id":35675,"date":"2023-12-19T12:48:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T09:18:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iup.ac.ir\/?p=35675"},"modified":"2025-09-24T12:49:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T09:19:41","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%be%da%98%d9%88%d9%87%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b4%d8%af-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iup.ac.ir\/en\/%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%be%da%98%d9%88%d9%87%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b4%d8%af-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u00bb \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u00bb \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06a9 ) \u062f\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 27 \u0622\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647 1402 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a 16 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u061b \u0633\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u200c\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u06cc\u0633 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0637 ( \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 ) \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f.
\n\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc ” \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 “\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0637 ( \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 ) \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f.
\n\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.
\n* \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a *<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u00bb \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u00bb \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f - Iran University Press<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iup.ac.ir\/en\/\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647-\u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642-\u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634-\u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632-\u0634\u062f-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u00bb \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f - 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